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Running Technique Video Gliders vs. Gazelles

This is a great video looking at the difference between Gliders vs. Gazelles with some interesting things to think about when it comes to perfecting your running style. THe first 15 minutes shows pro triathletes and the different styles and after that he gets into the physics of Gliding vs. Gazelling. 

Let me know your thoughts!

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tJWPwVF30yo&feature=em-subs_digest-vrecs

Comments

  • Thanks for sharing!
  • Ya this video analysis really makes you rethink your cadence and finding that optimal stride for your personal biomechanics and efficiency. Pretty crazy that Faris runs sub 3hrs with a cadence of 80...

  • OK I've watched the video and read Todd's blog, looked at his chart of cadence/pace. Reminds me of a thread here last year, where we had a prolonged but civil disagreement about the efficacy of running with a slower cadence/longer stride vs higher cadence/shorter stride in the IM marathon. I argued strenuously that there was much less energy cost in trying to gain speed by increasing cadence as opposed to increasing stride length. These videos show why that is so. Look carefully at how much work against gravity Carfrae is doing compared to Wellington. They're both going about the same speed, but Chrissie is not working as hard, because it is far easier to move your leg forward a few times per minute faster than it is to raise your whole body weight a few inches higher with each stride.

    This is my current area of emphasis, trying to move from a cadence of 86 up to 92-4 when I am running an IM marathon.  If each step is 3 feet long, and I do 7 more of them each minute, and I'm going for 4 hours (240 minutes), I will go 21 feet more each minute, or 5040 feet farther in four hours. That's about a mile further in the same time, or about 9-10 minutes faster for the marathon. Worth considering. And once considered, worth training and practicing for. Even getting up to 89 would gain me four minutes.

  • Great sum up Al.
  • Al, I totally agree! And the math works and I want to do it... BUT, and this is a very big but... How do you train for it? I bought a foot pod and have really been focusing on my cadence for the last 1.5 yrs. I was able to take my normal run cadence from the high 70's to the low 90's which I am very proud of... But what I have found is that this breaks down with greater efforts or with bigger distances and with severe fatigue. For instance, in my latest 5k test I was ~93 for the first mile, 89 for the second mile and closer to 85 for the third... That's a huge drop over 21 minutes. It's even worse if I go out for a 10 mile run, maybe starting near 90 for the first several miles and then dropping to the low 80's by the end. I try to always glance down at my watch all the time to keep me honest and I see it's low, I speed it up but then 100yds later if I'm not constantly vigilant about it, it comes right back down. Take this a step further for an IM marathon, forget about it... So I'm happy I was able to average in the low 80's for IMFL this past yr compared to the high 70's a yr earlier at IMLou, BUT... How do I "really" keep my cadence at 90 in hours 3-4 of an IM marathon when my mind is shot and my quads are in revolt?

    I think a more interesting video than a bunch of pros with near perfect form of different styles would be to have video analysis of different AG'ers taken around mile 20 of the marathon. This could compare several ~10hr finishers to several ~11hrs finishers to 12's, 13's, 14's, 15's... To see if there's a way a 13 hr finisher can improve fatigued form to become a 12 hr finisher. Comparing a pro's form from a 2:48 IM Mary to a another with a 2:53 IM Mary just doesn't look anything like what I see around me when I'm in the last hour or two of my IM Mary surrounded by other ~11hr finishers (people running anywhere from a 3:45-4:45 Mary)
  • I think running style is highly dependent upon to many variables to say that one is better then the other. Age, height, weight, muscle type, lower quarter flexibility, Q angle and strength all play a factor in a persons running styles. In college I would have been classified as a Gazelle. The faster I ran the more my stride length increased. Upon returning to running, I changed my style to more of a glider but this was more based on overall fitness and its impact on biomechanics. As my flexibility and strength are improving I find myself resorting back to a more gazelle type running style, this is especially true on my long runs
  • A very timely topic for me as I actually had a running analysis on a treadmill just this morning.  At Z1 and Z2 pace my cadence was 82, but @ Z4 pace it went up 85.  The PT who did the analysis (specializes in runners and is a marathoner herself) said that my stride overall looked really good except that my left foot splayed out a little but no big deal.  The only real comment was that my cadence was a little low.  She said my stride actually looked better at the faster pace and cadence.  Then she set up a metronome @ 90 and asked me to match its beat...WOW did that feel fast.  But I felt light on my feet, like I was barely touching the ground. Once I got use to it, the effort felt easy too.  So it is clearly something I'm going to work on, plus improve my flexibility.  She is going to email the video...can't wait to see it.

    I like Al's math on the impact on an IM marathon time of a faster cadence..

    And 2x on John W's suggestion about filming 13-16 hour finishers @ mile 20.  I bet you'll see some pretty awkward, ugly strides.  But God bless them; they're about to finish an event that 99% or more of the population can't/won't.  Who cares what their stride looks like if they beat 17 hours and Mike Reilly calls their name.

     

  • My thoughts - if you look closely they are all in the same position more or less at sometime in various frames. Foot strikes are a little different, but they are all running very relaxed with a slight bend in the their knees and their feet landing, more or less, under them. (Interestingly all the elite marathoners had the same form.) The only variance, as he pointed out, is cadence. The lower your cadence the longer your stride need to be to run at the same pace. I had to learn to glide once I started running longer distances, I was a sprinter in college and still almost ran with that form (lifting the heals higher, to get the most distance our of our stride as you move forward) - kind of hard to explain. The long sprinter like strides were very hard on my joints (I think I was running in the high 70s). Once I started the pose method I increased my cadence which reduced the load on my joints and allowed me to run long distances. I still glide but once I get to about 7 mins miles that changes. I think I am rambling now.........

    @ suhki - he is on the taller side so it somewhat makes sense.....

    @ al - I wouldn't say she is lifting her entire body weight, if that was the case she would have a whole of vertical movement, but she doesn't. that fact that she leaning forward means that gravity is playing a role in her stride. next time you are out working on your cadence, trying leaning forward a bit, try to keep your cadence at 90, lift your legs a little higher and see how much faster you will go - with no additional effort.

    @ John W. - one of Jack Daniel's main focal points is easy relaxed running, with a focus on form. once your cadence start dropping focus your form, lean a little forward and try to focus on lifting your feet of the ground rather than pushing off - that should keep your cadence up. And it is hard to ingrain the new cadence by using the foot pod, you should really trying the metronome . it will give you something to shoot for when you start slowing down.........

    @ John - I noticed the same.........
  • Look @ 1:42 and 6:00 in the video. Place your arrow or other cursor on Rinnie's number belt - a proxy for her center of gravity - at the low point in her stride, just before her foot leaves the ground. Watch how much vertical travel there is in that race belt. Do the same with Chrissie, notice she has less vertical,travel of her CoG. Moving the CoG a greater distance up requires more work against gravity. repeated over 30,000 times in the course of a 3hour marathon. That must be a whole lot more work, compared to Chrissie's extra work, which is moving her leg forward a1800 more times than Rinnie does. (95 compared to 90 cadence.)
  • When looking at only linear and vertical motions, I would agree that gliding appears to be more efficiently. What we are discounting is the physics of locomotion. How much energy is required to increase cadence from 90-100? What are the rotary forces ( torque) at the various joints during running like a gazelle as compared to gliders
  • Great discussion -

    @John - hear you on the energy - it's unclear to me what the physiological cost of the faster turnover vs. gazelle-like jump is.
    That said, my desire to minimize injury risk has me focused on faster turnover vs. stride-length.
    I want to be racing in twenty years.

    It is clear that Faris Al-Sultan has a different set of goals than I have.

    Side note - it is fun - and educational - to watch great runners run.
    Sukhi - great video - thanks for sharing.
  • Great discussion team! 

    @Al, without seeing a randomized clinical trial, I'd have to agree with you that it appears that it would be a much higher energy cost being a gazelle.

    Yet @JK I also think there's some truth to what you're saying, 

    I believe the answer is truly grey, not black or white. My area of expertise is looking at how the NS (nervous system) and what's occurring at the NMJ (neuromuscular junction). I believe that if one is built to be more like a gazelle it's a function of the sequence and firing of the NS & NMJ. Stepping out of ones "normal" may be the thing that requires more metabolic energy. The same can be said for the "natural" glider. I know the history of Chrissie because I read her book... she's a gifted athlete that hasn't been a runner nor triathlete for her entire life like most of her competitors. I'd say that most of us AG's will likely fall in the glider group. Is that why Chrissie's a glider??? 

    @JW I've developed into a decent runner over the past several years, even though I never ran growing up and I'm noticing my body shift from a classic glider into a gazelle. When I hit my Z1 I'm closer to being a glider, as I move to intervals up to Z4-5 I see the gazelle come out. For me, I'm not trying to make my body be one or the other, I'm just trying to be calm and biomechanically efficient. I have some lofty run goals for 2013 so I personally believe that I need to find flow and grace for all my run training as that's the NS & NMJ pattern that I will fall into the deeper I get into 26.2. If I'm always using force, effort and fighting my pace and mechanics that's what I believe will show up on race day. I would be patient with yourself and try to find that "sweet spot" for yourself too, I believe it's the only way it will be sustained for 26.2.

    Thanks for everyones opinion on this... makes me rethink, critique and in the end become a better me!

  • Great discussion team! 

    @Al, without seeing a randomized clinical trial, I'd have to agree with you that it appears that it would be a much higher energy cost being a gazelle.

    Yet @JK I also think there's some truth to what you're saying, 

    I believe the answer is truly grey, not black or white. My area of expertise is looking at how the NS (nervous system) and what's occurring at the NMJ (neuromuscular junction). I believe that if one is built to be more like a gazelle it's a function of the sequence and firing of the NS & NMJ. Stepping out of ones "normal" may be the thing that requires more metabolic energy. The same can be said for the "natural" glider. I know the history of Chrissie because I read her book... she's a gifted athlete that hasn't been a runner nor triathlete for her entire life like most of her competitors. I'd say that most of us AG's will likely fall in the glider group. Is that why Chrissie's a glider??? 

    @JW I've developed into a decent runner over the past several years, even though I never ran growing up and I'm noticing my body shift from a classic glider into a gazelle. When I hit my Z1 I'm closer to being a glider, as I move to intervals up to Z4-5 I see the gazelle come out. For me, I'm not trying to make my body be one or the other, I'm just trying to be calm and biomechanically efficient. I have some lofty run goals for 2013 so I personally believe that I need to find flow and grace for all my run training as that's the NS & NMJ pattern that I will fall into the deeper I get into 26.2. If I'm always using force, effort and fighting my pace and mechanics that's what I believe will show up on race day. I would be patient with yourself and try to find that "sweet spot" for yourself too, I believe it's the only way it will be sustained for 26.2.

    Thanks for everyones opinion on this... makes me rethink, critique and in the end become a better me!

  • Great discussion team! 

    @Al, without seeing a randomized clinical trial, I'd have to agree with you that it appears that it would be a much higher energy cost being a gazelle.

    Yet @JK I also think there's some truth to what you're saying, 

    I believe the answer is truly grey, not black or white. My area of expertise is looking at how the NS (nervous system) and what's occurring at the NMJ (neuromuscular junction). I believe that if one is built to be more like a gazelle it's a function of the sequence and firing of the NS & NMJ. Stepping out of ones "normal" may be the thing that requires more metabolic energy. The same can be said for the "natural" glider. I know the history of Chrissie because I read her book... she's a gifted athlete that hasn't been a runner nor triathlete for her entire life like most of her competitors. I'd say that most of us AG's will likely fall in the glider group. Is that why Chrissie's a glider??? 

    @JW I've developed into a decent runner over the past several years, even though I never ran growing up and I'm noticing my body shift from a classic glider into a gazelle. When I hit my Z1 I'm closer to being a glider, as I move to intervals up to Z4-5 I see the gazelle come out. For me, I'm not trying to make my body be one or the other, I'm just trying to be calm and biomechanically efficient. I have some lofty run goals for 2013 so I personally believe that I need to find flow and grace for all my run training as that's the NS & NMJ pattern that I will fall into the deeper I get into 26.2. If I'm always using force, effort and fighting my pace and mechanics that's what I believe will show up on race day. I would be patient with yourself and try to find that "sweet spot" for yourself too, I believe it's the only way it will be sustained for 26.2.

    Thanks for everyones opinion on this... makes me rethink, critique and in the end become a better me!





  • Great discussion team! 

    @Al, without seeing a randomized clinical trial, I'd have to agree with you that it appears that it would be a much higher energy cost being a gazelle.

    Yet @JK I also think there's some truth to what you're saying, 

    I believe the answer is truly grey, not black or white. My area of expertise is looking at how the NS (nervous system) and what's occurring at the NMJ (neuromuscular junction). I believe that if one is built to be more like a gazelle it's a function of the sequence and firing of the NS & NMJ. Stepping out of ones "normal" may be the thing that requires more metabolic energy. The same can be said for the "natural" glider. I know the history of Chrissie because I read her book... she's a gifted athlete that hasn't been a runner nor triathlete for her entire life like most of her competitors. I'd say that most of us AG's will likely fall in the glider group. Is that why Chrissie's a glider??? 

    @JW I've developed into a decent runner over the past several years, even though I never ran growing up and I'm noticing my body shift from a classic glider into a gazelle. When I hit my Z1 I'm closer to being a glider, as I move to intervals up to Z4-5 I see the gazelle come out. For me, I'm not trying to make my body be one or the other, I'm just trying to be calm and biomechanically efficient. I have some lofty run goals for 2013 so I personally believe that I need to find flow and grace for all my run training as that's the NS & NMJ pattern that I will fall into the deeper I get into 26.2. If I'm always using force, effort and fighting my pace and mechanics that's what I believe will show up on race day. I would be patient with yourself and try to find that "sweet spot" for yourself too, I believe it's the only way it will be sustained for 26.2.

    Thanks for everyones opinion on this... makes me rethink, critique and in the end become a better me!




     

  • Great discussion team! 

    @Al, without seeing a randomized clinical trial, I'd have to agree with you that it appears that it would be a much higher energy cost being a gazelle.

    Yet @JK I also think there's some truth to what you're saying, 

    I believe the answer is truly grey, not black or white. My area of expertise is looking at how the NS (nervous system) and what's occurring at the NMJ (neuromuscular junction). I believe that if one is built to be more like a gazelle it's a function of the sequence and firing of the NS & NMJ. Stepping out of ones "normal" may be the thing that requires more metabolic energy. The same can be said for the "natural" glider. I know the history of Chrissie because I read her book... she's a gifted athlete that hasn't been a runner nor triathlete for her entire life like most of her competitors. I'd say that most of us AG's will likely fall in the glider group. Is that why Chrissie's a glider??? 

    @JW I've developed into a decent runner over the past several years, even though I never ran growing up and I'm noticing my body shift from a classic glider into a gazelle. When I hit my Z1 I'm closer to being a glider, as I move to intervals up to Z4-5 I see the gazelle come out. For me, I'm not trying to make my body be one or the other, I'm just trying to be calm and biomechanically efficient. I have some lofty run goals for 2013 so I personally believe that I need to find flow and grace for all my run training as that's the NS & NMJ pattern that I will fall into the deeper I get into 26.2. If I'm always using force, effort and fighting my pace and mechanics that's what I believe will show up on race day. I would be patient with yourself and try to find that "sweet spot" for yourself too, I believe it's the only way it will be sustained for 26.2.

    Thanks for everyones opinion on this... makes me rethink, critique and in the end become a better me!




     

  • Great discussion team! 

    @Al, without seeing a randomized clinical trial, I'd have to agree with you that it appears that it would be a much higher energy cost being a gazelle.

    Yet @JK I also think there's some truth to what you're saying, 

    I believe the answer is truly grey, not black or white. My area of expertise is looking at how the NS (nervous system) and what's occurring at the NMJ (neuromuscular junction). I believe that if one is built to be more like a gazelle it's a function of the sequence and firing of the NS & NMJ. Stepping out of ones "normal" may be the thing that requires more metabolic energy. The same can be said for the "natural" glider. I know the history of Chrissie because I read her book... she's a gifted athlete that hasn't been a runner nor triathlete for her entire life like most of her competitors. I'd say that most of us AG's will likely fall in the glider group. Is that why Chrissie's a glider??? 

    @JW I've developed into a decent runner over the past several years, even though I never ran growing up and I'm noticing my body shift from a classic glider into a gazelle. When I hit my Z1 I'm closer to being a glider, as I move to intervals up to Z4-5 I see the gazelle come out. For me, I'm not trying to make my body be one or the other, I'm just trying to be calm and biomechanically efficient. I have some lofty run goals for 2013 so I personally believe that I need to find flow and grace for all my run training as that's the NS & NMJ pattern that I will fall into the deeper I get into 26.2. If I'm always using force, effort and fighting my pace and mechanics that's what I believe will show up on race day. I would be patient with yourself and try to find that "sweet spot" for yourself too, I believe it's the only way it will be sustained for 26.2.

    Thanks for everyones opinion on this... makes me rethink, critique and in the end become a better me!




     

  • It's pretty interesting topic. In the area of human locomotion there is a point where it becomes more efficient to run as opposed to walk ( believe somewhere between 4-4.5 mph). The same is probably true with running. There is probably at point where it becomes more efficient to be a gazelle instead of glider. Based on Todd's observations that's somewhere around 6:00 mile pace. I though that to be one of the more interesting points of the video. As far as us mere age groupers, what ever works for you stick with it.
  • It's pretty interesting topic. In the area of human locomotion there is a point where it becomes more efficient to run as opposed to walk ( believe somewhere between 4-4.5 mph). The same is probably true with running. There is probably at point where it becomes more efficient to be a gazelle instead of glider. Based on Todd's observations that's somewhere around 6:00 mile pace. I though that to be one of the more interesting points of the video. As far as us mere age groupers, what ever works for you stick with it.
  • Great discussion team! 

    @Al, without seeing a randomized clinical trial, I'd have to agree with you that it appears that it would be a much higher energy cost being a gazelle.

    Yet @JK I also think there's some truth to what you're saying, 

    I believe the answer is truly grey, not black or white. My area of expertise is looking at how the NS (nervous system) and what's occurring at the NMJ (neuromuscular junction). I believe that if one is built to be more like a gazelle it's a function of the sequence and firing of the NS & NMJ. Stepping out of ones "normal" may be the thing that requires more metabolic energy. The same can be said for the "natural" glider. I know the history of Chrissie because I read her book... she's a gifted athlete that hasn't been a runner nor triathlete for her entire life like most of her competitors. I'd say that most of us AG's will likely fall in the glider group. Is that why Chrissie's a glider??? 

    @JW I've developed into a decent runner over the past several years, even though I never ran growing up and I'm noticing my body shift from a classic glider into a gazelle. When I hit my Z1 I'm closer to being a glider, as I move to intervals up to Z4-5 I see the gazelle come out. For me, I'm not trying to make my body be one or the other, I'm just trying to be calm and biomechanically efficient. I have some lofty run goals for 2013 so I personally believe that I need to find flow and grace for all my run training as that's the NS & NMJ pattern that I will fall into the deeper I get into 26.2. If I'm always using force, effort and fighting my pace and mechanics that's what I believe will show up on race day. I would be patient with yourself and try to find that "sweet spot" for yourself too, I believe it's the only way it will be sustained for 26.2.

    Thanks for everyones opinion on this... makes me rethink, critique and in the end become a better me!




     


  • Posted By John Withrow on 08 Mar 2013 06:20 AM


    Al, I totally agree! And the math works and I want to do it... BUT, and this is a very big but... How do you train for it?  

    )

    Same way you get to Carnegie Hall ... practice, practice, practice.  At 90 steps per minute. 

    I suggest this approach:

    -acknowedge that high stride rate is important enough to make a continuous, concerted effort. 

    -everything that is non-main set is time spent thinking about stride rate.

    -find an "on/off" ratio that will let you include these comfortably in your run while (1) still getting the distance done, and (2) allowing you to finish with 90 strikes per minute

    -I would suggest, as a starting point, 3 minutes of perfect 90, followed by 2 minutes of whatever you need to do (run at whatever feels natural, walk, whatever), repeated over the entire w/o.  3 minutes seems to be just long enough to force you to concentrate and work on it, and still have a nice, long break of your more familiar running to look forward to.  

    -after a few weeks - two, maybe four - go up to 4 mins at 90 rpm, 1 min walk.    Once you're carrying this with comfort, next progression is 4 / 1, but the last 10 minutes of the workout as perfect 90rpm.  Then the last 15 minutes as perfect 90 rpm.  Then alternate the intervals to 8 or 9 mins at 90, 1 or 2 minutes walk. 

    -put your head into it. No headphones, no talking with buddies, no daydreaming.  When you're trying to make this change, you are very aware of the high cadence, and thinking about your running all the time. 

    -favorite counting method of mine is counting the 30 steps in 20 seconds.  So, anytime I glance at my watch, I just wait until i'm on the :x5 or :y0; and start counting.  When I get to 30, I look at the watch, and it damned well better say a :x5 or :y0.  If it doesn't, I bump up a shade for the next 20 seconds.

    And trust me on this: it's worth the effort. 



     

  • I would agree that Gazelles may seem to use more energy.   but lots of factors.     and needs to be studied.

    All stand alone good marathoners are Gazelles.           So gliding better for Ironmaners?

    I assume height needs to be factored in there.     I do not think I should be shooting for 90 rate.    Lots of energy swinging my 6-6 frame at that rate.         I do agree that I need to keep the rate up there.

  • RE: the energy expenditure of gazelle (more vertical motion) vs gazelle (less vertical motion):

    Todd mentions this very important aspect of muscle elasticity in his writeup (bolding mine):

    "So the question is, is one style more efficient? The gliders don’t use any energy to generate a Vy. All of their energy goes to Vx – moving forward. Note that they often look as if they are skating just above the ground with no bouncing. BUT – they do need a faster turnover. The Gazelles must generate a Vy, and in turn absorb the same Vy on landing. Clearly more costly energy-wise – BUT – is active muscle contraction used, or is most of the force generated through muscle and connective tissue elasticity? If so, the additional energy cost may be greatly reduced. But if you don’t have springs for legs, trying to run like a gazelle is probably going to be very costly – especially if you aren’t one of wraith-like physique. "

    From (http://ttbikefit.com/blog/?p=1176)

    So, for all the discussion of whether it's more efficient to have a higher turnover and stay lower to the ground, or to have a lower turnover but spend more time in the air and thus have to get more vertical - the answer is likely never going to be 100% one way or the other, and likely to be very individualistic.  If someone has anatomy such that their connective tissue allows for easy return of energy upon impact, and that elasticity provides a significant chunk of the energy required to leap back into the air, then they may not see significant additional energy requirements as opposed to a glider who is staying closer to the ground.

    This actually reminds me of a tri-talk podcast episode where he mentioned how there was a study that found that those who had the lower range of motion had a higher running economy - could have been because a lower range of motion meant more elasticity to return energy back during the running motion (http://ec.libsyn.com/p/1/a/6/1a663505eafc0b66/tri_talk_64.mp3?d13a76d516d9dec20c3d276ce028ed5089ab1ce3dae902ea1d01ce8436d0c0590b2f&c_id=2458780).

  • Great video. My favourite thing when spectating races is to look at forms differences between faster, to midpack to back of the pack. One thing that stands out to me is the position of the rear leg that is pushing off, the faster the runner the more likely that there is full extension of that rear leg versus slower runners who seem to pick up that leg too soon, a shorter stance phase.And I think he mentions in the video that the stance time is about the same for the elite triathletes regardless of gliding or gazelling. As a midpacker, my cadence is high(90's), but I don't get enough forward motion because I don't get enough extension in that rear leg.
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