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Heart Rate Run pacing in IM

I have noticed that a lot of you guys are now figuring IM run pacing based on heart rate. I am interested in trying the same for IM Wisconsin. I have read some race plans and I am trying to figure out how people arrived at the numbers, for instance, Coach P put a hard limit of 150 in his plan. Where does that number come from? I noticed Dave Tallo also has heart rate numbers in his plan.


Here is where I am at:

First IM I averaged 145bpm on the bike, and I averaged 150bpm on the run (through mile 16 because data is cut off). In that IM I left some run on the table. In a stand alone marathon I did, I averaged 172bpm and felt like death at the end. I am guessing that there is a happy medium between those two values that I should target? The highest heart rate I have ever seen is 191, so I am guessing my max is probably at most a few beats higher than that. 



Is this reasonable?

Start run at average heart rate from bike, keep it in check for the first 6 miles. Miles 6 - 18 expect to see low-mid 150s, and set a hard limit of 160. Miles 18+ run by feel and see what happens?

Comments

  • Peter, that approach sounds reasonable. I believe this is following a format that Al Truscott posted at some time in the past as well, where his hr ranges had been functions of his avg bike hr (or maybe something like his avg of the last 3 hours bike hr). In my case, it has come from a number of IM races executed by pace, and then reviewing the garmin file to identify the corresponding hr. That, and having done courses that didn't really lend themselves to sticking with a pace (hills, environmental features, etc). Since arriving at these hr numbers, I've validated them race-over-race, and have a good sense of the downstream risk i would be taking going over the hr cap i established for the first 6 miles, etc etc. Also, I've tried to triangulate pace / HR / RPE during my in-season long runs, if only to calibrate some kind of upper exertion ceiling that I know I cannot hit unless I want to have a long walk ahead of me.

    But again, I agree with your formula of 'Start run at average heart rate from bike, keep it in check for the first 6 miles. Miles 6 - 18 expect to see low-mid 150s, and set a hard limit of 160. Miles 18+ run by feel and see what happens?' I'd just add: 'miles 1 - 6 should feel ludicrously easy.'
  • My notes:

    • Average HR off the bike, last ~3hrs: important that this is an "in a good state" HR. That is, heat and dehydration can elevate your HR in the last ~2hrs of the bike. So if, for example, you ride the 1st hour at JRA watts and HR of 130bpm, the dialed it up to the high 130's, but then saw it creep into the high 140's or low 150's with an increase in RPE but not watts, (1) your HR is elevated probably due to heat/dehydration and (2) probably not a good idea to use this last-3hrs-average as your marker for when you start the run. 



    • Very common for athletes to have differences in bike and run HR zones, so need to consider that. 



    • Rather, I think it's best to have JRA HR's on the bike and run, and then assess how your day is going on each discipline as a function of what your current HR is in relation to those JRA heart rates. For me on the bike, JRA is about 125bpm, Z2/IM watts HR is ~135bpm and I know that I'm letting my hydration state get away from me when it starts to creep into the low to mid 140's without a corresponding increase in watts. For the run, JRA is about 132-136bpm and that's my benchmark for miles 0-6. After that I'll let myself see about 142-145bpm max. But if I start touching 150bpm I need to seriously assess and fix it...until the last ~5-6mi when you ignore everything and just run. 



    • So in nearly all of my training runs, I'm realllly doing a lot of work to become very familiar with the pace, RPE, cadence, running form, breathing rate, everything that I'm seeing at 135bmp and ~145bpm, gathering data points for race day. 
  • We tend to oversimplify the pace-per-HR topic in general, and if anything, I think it leaves us underperforming on race day - particularly for the better athletes like yourself, IMHO. There are a huge number of variables that will affect the HR for any given individual, on any given day, within the same sport even. And it is a race after all! There should be nothing left at the end of it. Any plan that leaves capacity at the end will leave just as negative a feeling in your stomach as walking the end.

    What Tallo has done is the gold standard. But he had to do many "hot" work-outs to know where to put that stop. Following the first easy 6 miles (which makes sense for many reasons, though I wonder if the FOP athletes actually need the whole 6 miles...or that 6 miles are enough for the BOPers), my intention is to start with aggressive HRs and work backward rather than to start conservative and move upward.

    DS
  • Peter - here is my advice for you, specifically, at this point in your IM career and your IM training cycle. In your long runs, and any others when you are doing both LRP and MP paces, start paying very close attention to your HR and your RPE when starting out the runs at your LRP (first 4 miles of a long run, or so, e.g.), and during those times when you are going @ MP. Make it a point of emphasis to lock in the correlation between RPE and HR  at both your LRP and your MP. With about 3-4 weeks to go (early-mid August?) those HRs you are seeing should be your window for race day.You should probably be spending the last 60-90 minutes of the bike at that LRP HR, and the first 45-60 minutes of the run at that same HR. Then, you can allow your HR to start to drift up towards that max you noticed during MPs while doing long runs. You should hit that number for only the last 30-40 minutes or so of the marathon.  In "Zone-speak", this would be starting out the run in mid/high Z1, getting into Z2 somewhere in the early teens (10-13 miles), and not getting to mid Z2 until the magic mile 18. And not going above high Z2 until the finishing chute.

    Advanced class, according to Coach P, would have you starting out at a higher HR (like low-mid Z2), and holding that at all costs thru the entire run. I'd suggest that as your next step after trying out this incremental approach first. Just remember, you never find out where your limits are until you go past them.

    A well-trained, experienced triathlete *should* be able to run the last 22 miles of the marathon @ 78-82% of his max HR, IMO. So I pretty much agree with the numbers you list at the end of your post, but be careful when you get over 153 or so - you may not be able to hold that 160 for more than a mile or two, but you might be able to go @, say, 155 for 6.2 mi. There's an inflection point there somewhere, and you'll only find it by going past it. A long run of 2.5 hours, with for MP the second hour, and working towards HMP for the last 30', might be a way of finding it. Better than waiting until race day.

    my 2¢

  • glad to see this topic up. I am focusing on HR running this year. The main reason is that racing by HR helps me stay in my box and not chase power or pace numbers that may or may not be coming on a given day. I also feel like HR is a good measurement of how hard my body is having to work at a given point in time. Regardless of hills, heat, etc.
    With all of that said, your proposal seems like a good starting point in my opinion. I am 44 and have a max HR of about 176. The right bike hr for me is in the upper 130's for an IM and a run is in the upper 140's.
    I watch HR and Avg HR on the bike. Because getting out of T1 my HR is always jacked up so I work to lower that Avg HR down to my target then work to hold it there.
    On the run, 150 is my cap till it is time to have a cap. But in the first 3 or 4 mi I also have a pace cap. Because I find it very very hard to not go out too fast. For the bulk of the run I use the same screen on my watch: Hr and Avg HR. Keeps me in my box and not projecting my finishing time every 30 sec which I have a propensity to do.
    I am much slower than you are but there is my 2c.
  • I am just curious, why don't we all test and measure our max HR and tout it like we do our other measures? 220-age seems like a fantastic idea, but too simple to be true. We test our FTP. We test our 5K speed. These measurements promote chasing power/pace on the big day... yet the race conditions can be so variable. All seem to agree the HR is the final arbiter however. . I am curious which would provide a better raceday guide? (not that I have any idea how one would conclude their max HR)

  • I occasionally test my max heart rate, like this: warm up on the track with a few strides, then run all out for as long as you can. When your vision begins to narrow, look down at your hrm on your wrist just before everything goes black. The last number you remember is your max hr.

  • Posted By Doug Sutherland on 15 Jul 2015 07:26 PM

    I am just curious, why don't we all test and measure our max HR and tout it like we do our other measures? 220-age seems like a fantastic idea, but too simple to be true. We test our FTP. We test our 5K speed. These measurements promote chasing power/pace on the big day... yet the race conditions can be so variable. All seem to agree the HR is the final arbiter however. . I am curious which would provide a better raceday guide? (not that I have any idea how one would conclude their max HR)

    Nowhere in EN do we do anything with MaxHR. I have no idea what mine is and not sure why people are bringing max HR into this discussion.

    From your 5k tests we have you get your average HR, which is about your Lactate Threshold HR and we calculate your run HR training zones from that HR, NOT max HR. 

    220 minus age is worthless.

  • Since I was the one who first threw out a reference to Max HR, I'll retract it this way. I said, "A well-trained, experienced triathlete *should* be able to run the last 22 miles of the marathon @ 78-82% of his max HR, IMO.". I'll revise that to "A well-trained, experienced triathlete *should* be able to run the last 22 miles of the marathon @ 86-92% of his threshold HR, IMO ". I want to underscore that this is a personal opinion, based on observation, not any actual study. YMMV

    Here's a link to a max HR calculator which uses resting heart rate and age as the inout variables. It currently shows me @ (sob) 154. The highest HR I've seen in the past year is, like, 151. FWIW

  • Al - Oddly enough (or not), your observational data lines up right on with my own. My 5k tests top my HR at 170. Your math would suggest that the last 22mi would be between 146 to 156. On my last full IM (Coz last November) I had a run PR and the best pacing that I have had in any of my 3. It was a 3 loop run. I had planned to run by HR but my garmin was fritzing so I had to use pace alone. I went with LRP+30 for lap 1, LRP+20 for lap 2 and LRP +10 for lap 3. Actually pulled it off and had my first neg split on a marathon, IM or stand alone (still quite slow I know).
    Anyway, after the fact I was able to gather my HR data from the last 40min and it ended up being 148bpm. Interestingly to me, there was no HR drift over this last 40min (Pa:Hr of 0.10). Seems that it was my "happy place" on that day.
    My "worst" runs seem to have one thing in common: Avg HR too high on the bike. I have found that I need to work backwards by 10-15bpm from the HR that I want to run at to get to the HR I want to bike at.
    Last year at IMTX (My worst 26.2 IM or otherwise) I buned myself out chasing my target power numbers from my RR. I ended up riding an IF of .69 and a VI of 1.03. Both seemed reasonable to me at the time BUT my avg HR for the ride ended up being 147 (I wasnt watching hr then. This race is why I watch it now). Coming off of the bike at 148bpm+, I had no where to go on the run and cracked early.
    My mission now is to look for ways to run faster at 148bpm and to ride faster at 136bpm. I still plan to start my IMFL run at LRP+30 but after mile 6 I might just get my hr to 148 and stick there till it dosent matter anymore.
  • Thanks everyone!

    I have done a bunch of data analysis and I think my numbers I initially threw out seem pretty good, and maybe I can go a just a hair higher. My LRP+30s keeps me in the low 140s, which is about inline with what I expect to see off the bike. My LRP Heart Rate averages to 147bpm at the 6 mile mark, but will have already gone a bit over 150. My threshold heart rate is 180bpm, so going by Al's guidance and taking 90% of that gives me 162, which seems right in line with my upper limit I gave for myself. I will continue to collect data to further refine my plan. I plan to do a soul crushing long run of 8 miles at LRP, 8 miles at MP, and try for 4 at HMP. I will also do a race rehearsal run of 18 miles of 6 at LRP+30s and then 12 at LRP. I think those will be critical data points to hone in on this.
  • I've been following along with these posts on HR and have decided to dust off my rarely used HR strap. A couple of questions on implementation.
    1. Looks like HR averages on the run are based off of bike data. I'm using my long run day to practice, which doesn't have a bike ride in front of it, so do I use a HR that maintains an even pace throughout or is there a better method to determine desired HR?
    2. My long runs are on a fairly hilly course. I ran 13 miles (2 x 6.5 mile loop) with about 1,000 feet of elevation gain so it's really hard to maintain an even HR. When I looked at the data after the run it looked fairly good. I believe the drop off was due to dehydration. Loop 1 pace/ngp/HR 8:19/8:10/120 and loop 2 8:29/8:16/123. With hilly courses, how do you monitor in real time?
    3. How are you setting up your watches? I have Garmin with average lap pace and current heart rate and a few other metrics on another screen like time, distance, cadence. Should average be first half / second half or smaller chunks like every mile?
    4. As you monitor in real time and notice significant changes in either HR or pace was is the corrective action? Slow down, drink more, grab ice? Do you do something different if you think you are over heating versus dehydrating?

  • Posted By Tom Glynn on 17 Jul 2015 09:57 AM


    I've been following along with these posts on HR and have decided to dust off my rarely used HR strap. A couple of questions on implementation.

    1. Looks like HR averages on the run are based off of bike data. I'm using my long run day to practice, which doesn't have a bike ride in front of it, so do I use a HR that maintains an even pace throughout or is there a better method to determine desired HR?

    2. My long runs are on a fairly hilly course. I ran 13 miles (2 x 6.5 mile loop) with about 1,000 feet of elevation gain so it's really hard to maintain an even HR. When I looked at the data after the run it looked fairly good. I believe the drop off was due to dehydration. Loop 1 pace/ngp/HR 8:19/8:10/120 and loop 2 8:29/8:16/123. With hilly courses, how do you monitor in real time?

    3. How are you setting up your watches? I have Garmin with average lap pace and current heart rate and a few other metrics on another screen like time, distance, cadence. Should average be first half / second half or smaller chunks like every mile?

    4. As you monitor in real time and notice significant changes in either HR or pace was is the corrective action? Slow down, drink more, grab ice? Do you do something different if you think you are over heating versus dehydrating?
    1. I believe what people are saying is the HR that get off the bike with is a reference point for how you start your run. With me, for example, my "do no harm" HR on the run is 135bpm. I will likely get off the bike with an HR in the mid 140's. I plan to chill and try to get my HR down into that 135bpm range in the first ~3 miles of the run, and then let it rise into the mid 140's from there. My HR cap will likely be 150bpm, slowing down when/if I need to until ~mile 18 or 20 when I'll pretty much ignore everything and just run. 
    2. I have a similar choice of long run terrain. As I get closer to IMWI I'm going to focus my long running on flat terrain where I can dial in, experiment with, and learn more about ^these^ HRs above. I see the question of sorting our HR as much the same as learning to ride steady: once you know how your HR reacts to stuff, moves across the length of a long run, to terrain, etc, then I don't think you necessarily need to practice it all the time. That is, set aside some key sessions to no-shit learn about your HR. Flat runs are best, flat + long + heat gives you opportunity to observe changes in HR due to heat, dehydration, fatigue, and to learn more. But outside of those sessions, most of my runs are hilly and/or pace-focused, because I get more work done at a lower mental cost. 



    3. Garmin 910. On my main screen I have current pace, lap pace, total run average pace, and current HR. For racing I'd probably take that total run average pace and put it on a second screen. That second screen, for racing, would likely have average pace, distance, and time. Not sure if I would have average or last lap HR anywhere.



    4. For me, I'm not planning to walk at the aid stations. If I feel my HR is beginning to elevate, I'll switch to walking the aid stations mode to bring it down, and then watch it rise as I run between aid stations. Always drinking if I feel my stomach is still working. I may run with a bottle (18oz Nathan setup) on my waist, have a volunteer fill it ~every 3rd aid station while also taking fluids at the 1st and 2nd aid stations, if that makes sense. 
  • @ Tom :  There's racing, and there's training. My goal in training is to "get to know your HR". I've also got nothing but hills to run on, e.g., most recent long run 12.5 mi/982'. So in practice what I do is continually observe my pace (via last lap pace, and current lap pace), RPE, and HR. Since I've got years doing the same runs on the same routes, I pretty much know how my HR is currently shaping up with my pace and RPE. In the last 2 months before an IM, I am locking in to my head what all these correlations are - what does it feel like when my HR is, say 116-118 (my current LRP HR), and what does it feel like at, say 131-34 (My current MP HR), and how fast am I going (as measured by last lap pace) when I *think* I am running @ LRP or MP.

    Then in the race/IM, I triangulate things at the start by RPE, pace (as adjusted mentally for terrain and temperature), and HR, compared to what I was doing the last hour on the bike and my own recent history of HR @ LRP. As a general rule, RPE trumps all the others. But I can get away with that, because after about 7 or 8 IMs, I finally figured out how SLOW I needed to go for the first 60-80 minutes of an IM marathon, and what that needed to feel like. I then refined that over the past ten years in races in all sorts of conditions - hot, cold, hilly, flat. Someone without that background might need more of a reining in by HR, meaning the avg HR in the last 60-90 minutes on the bike.

    What do I look at on my watch? First off, I have the Garmin HR strap which gives me cadence, and I think trying to run the IM @ 89-90 rpm (178-180 as the watch reports it) is extremely important. So I have cadence on each screen. Also, I think HR is important, so it appears on each screen. My first page shows total distance and total moving time, in addition to HR & CAD. I use this as my primary training run screen. My second page, which I use as my primary screen during races and when doing intervals, shows current lap time and current lap pace, with HR&CAD. I also have auto lap set to one mile, so I get feedback on my "current" pace that way. I do have a third screen, which I (almost) never use, showing Time of Day, Current Pace, HR, and elevation. I'm not saying this set-up is right for others, but it's what I've evolved to over the past 2-3 years. In particular, I do not want to know my current race time, I'd rather stay more in the moment, as defined by "what did I run the last mile at, and what is my current lap pace?"

    One last thing, an acknowledgement that I, like many others, use a training VDOT and a racing VDOT which are 2-3 points apart. My racing VDOT is based on my most recent half marathon time, which is now 1:40.1X. My training VDOT is based on what I find I can do, week-in, week-out, for TP intervals, which is currently about 7:03. For instance, currently, my racing VDOT is  45, for an LRP of 9:17. But I can easily train day in day out @ an LRP of 8:47 and TP of 7:03, which is more like a 47/8 VDOT. I have learned over the years some humility, and use that lower/slower VDOT/LRP on race day.

  • It is quite typical for run HR zones to be as much as 10 bpm higher than bike ones. However, this knowledge is likely to lead people to overdo it on the run HR in the first 6 miles or so. Whatever Zone choice you make (upper 1, mid 2, whatever), I'd stick with the bike HR Zones for those first 6 miles or so...which is essentially a way of artificially lowering the HR target.
  • Just saw this...as a reference updated details for HR pacing in the Race Documentation (link below) in early July, scroll down to IM, and run pacing... http://bit.ly/1MmKPJS

    Overall Goal of EN Run HR strategy:
    + avoid run blow up by over-exerting (a result of over pacing, control HR and you control your pace).
    + account for all variables -- weather, nutrition, bike pacing, terrain with one number vs math (math don't work on race day).
    + assure self of ability to continue fueling / hydrating early run miles (you'll need it by the second half when you don't eat).

    Basic steps are:
    1) know your long bike AHR, and what it looks like in the last hour to 90 minutes. Mine is 138, but that's 130 early, 142-3 later. Filed away.
    2) know your long run "happy" AHR, where you are good all day. This is 140-144 for me.
    3) On race day, have those numbers in your head, specifically out of T1 you should know your "ideal long ride early start HR" and try to get down there ASAP with easy spinning, deep breathing, etc. Get it as low as you can as soon as you can, then you can start building it up all day with steady riding.
    3) Have a bike HR CAP where you say, no matter what my watts are, I should never see above 145 (in my case)...again, filed away.
    4) Note AHR for final 60-90 minutes on bike on race day...how does this align with my usual bike HR performance / compare to my target run performance, etc?

    NOTE -- Since my AHR is 138, but that's 130s plus 140s, I expect to see some low 140s at the end of the bike (fatigue, heat accumulation, etc). So by end of bike my last hour AHR or number I consistently see is pretty close to my target run HR.

    5) come off bike running at that same final HR number, assuming it lines up with what I know and have experienced in training. Once I get through my early miles without blowing my HR up (fueling well and staying cool), I can start to run steady and see that number come up.

    Hope that helps!
  • Thanks for all the feedback and input folks. Using your information I updated the guidance for race with Heart Rate in the wiki on 08/21/2015 -- the latest info now lives in the Racing with Heart Rate Wiki Post Here.
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